مروری بر تحقیقات اخیر در زمینة تلفیق مدل‌سازی اطلاعات ساختمانی (BIM) و سامانه‌های اطلاعات مکانی (GIS)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی سیستم‌های اطلاعات مکانی، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی

2 استاد دانشکدة مهندسی نقشه‌برداری، دانشگاه صنعتی خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی

چکیده

امروزه فنّاوری مدل‌سازی اطلاعات ساختمانی، یا به‌اختصار BIM، به بستری مهم و کاربردی به‌منظور تحقق اهداف شهرهای هوشمند تبدیل شده است. بااین‌حال، این فنّاوری ساختمان‌ها را به‌تنهایی و بدون توجه به فضای بیرونی‌شان و دیگر ساختمان‌های شهر در نظر می‌گیرد و نیز فاقد ابزارهای لازم برای تحلیل‌های مکانی گوناگون است. در این زمینه، اشتراک ذاتی میان BIM و سامانه‌های اطلاعات مکانی، یا به‌اختصار GIS، نشان می‌دهد که با تلفیق آنها می‌توان دانش یکپارچه‌ای در کاربردهای گوناگون شهری، هم در فضای داخلی ساختمان و هم در فضای بیرونی آن، ایجاد کرد. اگرچه BIM و GIS هریک به‌منظور دست‌یابی به اهداف جداگانه‌ای ایجاد شده‌ است، هر دو به مدیریت اطلاعات در قالب مدل‌سازی سه‌بعدی می‌پردازند؛ با این تفاوت که BIM اطلاعات ریزدانه را در زمینة ساختمان و فضای داخلی آن، با عنوان اطلاعات ساختمانی، تهیه می‌کند و نمایش می‌دهد و منبع غنی اطلاعات ساختمانی شناخته می‌شود اما، در مقابل، GIS اغلب به تهیه و نمایش اطلاعات درشت‌دانه در فضای بیرونی ساختمان، با عنوان اطلاعات جغرافیایی، می‌پردازد و دارای ابزارهای مکانی مناسب است. به‌طورکلی، تلفیق BIM و GIS موجب مدیریت بهتر اطلاعات مکانی در زمینة کاربردهای گوناگون شهری و در نتیجه، تصمیم‌سازی بهتر در حل مسائل مرتبط می‌شود و تحقیقات متنوعی، در این باره، در سال‌های اخیر انجام شده است. مقالة حاضر، ضمن بررسی اجمالی فنّاوری BIM و استانداردهای تبادل اطلاعات در BIM و GIS، برخی تحقیقات دربارة تلفیق BIM و GIS از سال 2008 تا 2020 را مرور می‌کند. در این مقاله، تلاش شده است با استخراج و دسته‌بندی روش‌ها و زمینه‌های کاربردی تلفیق BIM و GIS، وضعیت کلی پژوهش‌ها در این زمینه مشخص و دید جامعی به آنها به محققان ارائه شود.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of Recent Researches on Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and GIS

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Hosseini 1
  • Mohammad Taleai 2
1 MSC. Student of Geographic Information Systems, Faculty of Geomatics, GIS department, K.N. Toosi University of Technology
2 Prof. of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Geomatics, GIS Dep., K.N. Toosi University of Technology
چکیده [English]

Today, building information modeling (BIM) technology has become an important and practical platform for achieving the goals of smart cities. However, this technology considers buildings alone and without regard to their exterior space and other buildings in the city and also lacks the necessary tools to perform various spatial analysis. In this regard, the intrinsic sharing between BIM and GIS shows that integrating them can provide proper knowledge in various urban applications in both indoor and outdoor. Although BIM and GIS are designed to achieve separate goals, they both manage 3D modeling information. BIM providing and displaying micro-level information about building and interior space, as a rich source of building information. GIS often provides and displays macro-level information in the exterior of the building as environmental information and has suitable spatial tools. In general, the integration of BIM and GIS enables better management of spatial information and better decision-making to solve issues related to different urban applications that have been studied extensively in recent years. This paper, while reviewing BIM technology and information exchange standards in BIM and GIS, reviews some research on the integration of BIM and GIS from 2008 to 2020. This paper attempts to provide researchers with a general classification of previous studies in this specific field by classifying the methods and extracting the application areas of BIM and GIS integration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • GIS
  • BIM
  • Building Information Management
  • 3-Dimensional Modeling
  • Smart Cities
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