پایش تغییرات پوشش برف طی دورة سرد سال در ایران بر اساس داده‌های سنجندة مادیس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکدة علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 کارشناس ارشد اقلیم‌شناسی کاربردی، دانشکدة علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

مطالعة پوشش برف، در جایگاه یکی از منابع مهم تأمین آب شیرین، اهمیت بسیاری دارد. با توجه به کوهستانی‌بودن ایران، امکان اندازه‌گیری زمینی مساحت زیر پوشش برف وجود ندارد. بر این اساس، استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای برای شناسایی ذخیره‌گاه‌های برف بسیار مهم است. در این پژوهش، تغییرات زمانی‌ـ مکانی پوشش برف ایران طی دورة سرد سال، با استفاده از داده‌های پوشش برف‌سنجندة مادیس ماهوارة ترا، طی دورة آماری 2018-2003 بررسی شد. روند تغییرات پوشش برف و شیب این روند، با استفاده از آزمون‌های ناپارامتریک من‌ـ کندال و سنس و نقطة تغییر پوشش برف با استفاده از آزمون بوشند مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین مقدار پوشش برف متعلق به ماه ژانویه، با 15/16% و کمترین مقدار پوشش برف مختص به ماه اکتبر، با کمتر از 1% است. کانون اصلی پوشش برف ایران، در دورة سرد سال، در مناطق مرتفع بیش از 4000 متر به‌دست آمده است. روند تغییرات پوشش برف، در تمامی ماه‌های مورد مطالعه، منفی و بیشینة شدت کاهشی پوشش برف نیز متعلق به ژانویه بوده است. نقطة تغییر نیز در همین ماه و سال 2008 محاسبه شد که از نظر آماری در سطح 0.05 معنی‌دار است. روند کاهشی درخور توجه پوشش برف ایران، در دورة سرد، تهدید بزرگی برای منابع آبی ایران به‌شمار می‌رود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Snow Cover Variability in the Cold Period of the Year in Iran Based on MODIS Measurements

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Ahmadi 1
  • zahrasadat seyedmirzaei 2
1 Associate Prof., Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University
2 M.Sc. of Applied Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]

The study of snow cover as one of the most important sources of freshwater supply is of great importance. Due to the mountainous conditions of Iran, it is not possible to measure the area of snow cover. Accordingly, the use of satellite imagery to identify snow storage is of great importance. In this study, the spatio-temporal changes of Iran snow cover for the cold period of the year were evaluated using the snow cover product of MODIS Terra satellite during the period of 2003-2018. The trend and slope of the snow cover were investigated using Man-Kendall non-parametric tests and the Sen's slope estimator and change-point of snow cover using Buishand test. The results showed that in January, the highest amount of snow cover is 16.6 percent, and the lowest amount of snow cover was computed in October, which is less than 1 percent. The main center of Iran's snow cover in the cold period of the year in the highlands is above 4000 meters. The snow cover trend is negative in all studied months and the maximum decrease in snow cover was calculated in January and the change-point was calculated in 2008 January, which is statistically significant at the level of 0.05. The significant decrease in snow cover during the cold period of the year which is a major threat to Iran's water resources.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Snow cover
  • MODIS sensor
  • Man-Kendall tests
  • Trend of snow cover
  • Iran

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