بررسی مقادیر رس با استفاده از طیف‌سنجی ابرطیفی آزمایشگاهی (LDRS)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فیزیک، حفاظت و فرسایش خاک، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استادیار سنجش از دور و علوم اطلاعات زمین، دانشگاه توئنته، هلند

3 استادیار پژوهشکدۀ حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری

چکیده

بخش رس از مهم‌ترین اجزای بافت خاک است که در عملیات مدل­سازی زیست­محیطی2 و پهنه­بندی رقومی خاک3 بسیار مورد توجه است. ازآنجا­که این ویژگی از تغییرپذیری­های مکانی4 تأثیر می‌پذیرد، تشخیص و پهنه­بندی و پایش این پارامتر، در مقیاس وسیع و با روش­های نمونه­برداری سنتی و تحلیل آزمایشگاهی معمول، بسیار هزینه­بر و وقت­گیر است. بنابراین، تقاضا برای بررسی این­گونه اطلاعات با کیفیت خوب، هزینۀ کم و قدرت تفکیک (مکانی) مناسب، در مباحث و زمینه­هایی همچون کشاورزی دقیق5 (PA) و برنامه­ریزی اراضی6 (LP) بسیار زیاد شده است. با ظهور طیف­سنجی ابرطیفی آزمایشگاهی (LDRS) که براساس ارتعاشات بنیادین7 (FVs)، علائم ترکیبی8 و فرعی9 حاصل از گروه­های عاملی10 به تشخیص و بررسی اجزای خاک می­پردازد، روزنه­ای در بررسی این پارامتر خاک ایجاد کرده است. طی تحقیق حاضر، از طیف­سنجی بازتابی مجاورتی11 (PSS) برای بررسی مقادیر رس در قسمت­هایی از استان مازندران استفاده شده است. بدین‌ ترتیب، مجموع 128 نمونه از عمق 20 سانتیمتری سطح خاک و براساس روش نمونه­برداری طبقه­بندی‌شدۀ تصادفی12 (SRS) و نیز با کمک اطلاعات جانبی همچون: زمین­شناسی، کاربری ­اراضی، نقشۀ راه­ها، و خاک­شناسی استان جمع­آوری شد. در ابتدا، مجموع نمونه­ها به دو قسمت تقسیم شد: 96 نمونه برای ایجاد مدل (عملیات واسنجی13) و 32 نمونه برای اعتبارسنجی مستقل14 آن. با بهره­گیری از تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیرۀ 15PLSR و براساس تکنیک اعتبارسنجی متقاطع به روش حذف تکی16 (LOOCV) و عملیات پیش­پردازشی17 چون: میانگین­گیری18 (روش کاهش داده­های ابرطیفی19)، هموارسازی و مشتق اول طیفی براساس الگوریتم ساویتسکی- گولای20، درنهایت مدل کالیبراسیون با چهار فاکتور21 (LFs)، با RMSEC حدود 55/9 و R2C حدود 73/0 و نیز RPDC تقریبی 94/1 و RPIQC تقریبی 19/3 (ست کالیبراسیون)، به‌منزلۀ مطلوب­ترین مدل جهت برآورد مقادیر رس منطقۀ مورد مطالعه، شناخته شد که نتایج حاکی از توانایی مناسب مدل در برآورد رس منطقه بوده است. درنهایت، قابلیت فن­اوری طیف­سنجی بازتابی پراکنشی مرئی-فروسرخ نزدیک22 (VNIR-DRS)، در بررسی اجزای رسی منطقه، به اثبات رسید. همچنین، می‌شود این مدل و نیز دامنه­های طیفی مؤثر به‌دست‌آمده را جهت بررسی مقادیر رس در مقیاس بسیار وسیع، با عملیات بیش­مقیاس­سازی23 به‌وسیلۀ داده­های ابرطیفی هوایی-ماهواره­ای، مبنا قرار داد. این امر نشان‌دهندۀ اهمیت ابرطیف­سنجی آزمایشگاهی، همچون پایه­ای برای تشخیص باندهای طیفی مفید و نیز ایجاد مدل جهت استفادۀ آن در دورسنجی ابرطیفی است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Clay Contents Using Lab Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (Lab Hyperspectroscopy)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Danesh 1
  • R Darvishzadeh 2
  • A.A Noroozi 3
1 PhD student, Soil Physics, Conservation and Erosion, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Assistant Prof., Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente
3 Assistant Prof., Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute
چکیده [English]

Satellite image fusion and creating data with spectral and spatial capabilities greater than those of the existing data is of special interest and position in Remote Sensing. However, the accuracy and efficiency of all processing stages of using these data depend on the precision and reliability of the produced data. The optimum utilization of fused images relies, ultimately, on the precision of the employed fusion method. Evaluation of this important aspect requires selection of an optimum assessment metric which is appropriate for the objectives and application areas of fused images. Different application areas such as, natural resources, civil areas and etc. have different preferences with regard to maintaining the spectral and spatial data. Therefore, selection of the best fusion method, that is appropriate for the application area of the image, through image quality assessment metrics is one of the users’ challenges in this field. The present paper, thus, attempts to provide an analysis and assessment of 20 common image quality assessment methods so as to identify and introduce the most optimum metrics based on the area of application of fused images. It also tries to introduce the factors causing differences in the way quality is assessed by the metrics. And then present a model for identifying the capabilities of each metric for displaying the distortions that occur in the spectral and spatial aspects of data. To this end, two metrics of high-pass filter and spectral angle mapper are taken into consideration as spectral and spatial data comparison bases, and the performance of metrics with regard to their assessment of the quality of simulated data, that contain images with controlled spectral and spatial distortions, is evaluated. Spectral distortions were introduced by high-pass filter effect, band displacement and changing color tone. Low-pass filter and attrition filters with structural elements of different dimensions were also used for introducing spatial distortions. Due to offering different spectral and spatial resolutions, images from Landsat8, EO-1, and Angular Mapper method that are suitable for assessment of images with sensitive applications as they display the spectral distortions with greater precision; These methods include BIAS, RASE, Q, MSSIM, NQM, FSIM, SRSIM, and SAM indices. The third group is also compatible with high-pass filter of HPF, RFSIM and MAD that are of a greater capability for displaying spatial distortions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • remote sensing
  • spectral angle mapper indecs
  • high-pass filter
  • spectral and spatial data

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