بهبود دقت برآورد غلظت ازن در سطح زمین با استفاده از محصولات ماهواره‌ای و یادگیری ‌ماشین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، مهندسی نقشه‌برداری‌ـ گرایش سنجش از دور، دانشکدة عمران و حمل‌ونقل، دانشگاه اصفهان

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی نقشه‌برداری، دانشکدة عمران و حمل‌ونقل، دانشگاه اصفهان

چکیده

ازن نزدیک به سطح زمین یکی از آلاینده‌های بسیار خطرناک است که تأثیرات زیان‌بار درخور توجهی در سلامت ساکنان مناطق شهری دارد. هدف از این مطالعه شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در غلظت ازن و مدل‌سازی تغییرات آن، با استفاده از داده‌های ماهواره‌ای و روش‌های گوناگون یادگیری‌ ماشین در شهر تهران است. بدین‌منظور داده‌های غلظت آلاینده‌ها، داده‌های هواشناسی و دمای‌ سطح‌ خاک، طی بازة ‌زمانی بین سال‌های 2015 تا 2021، به‌کار رفت. پس‌از محاسبة همبستگی بین غلظت ازن و پارامتر‌های مستقل، طی پنج حالت متفاوت، با پارامترهای ورودی و روش یادگیری متفاوت و به‌کارگیری پالایش داده‌‌ها، غلظت ازن مدل‌سازی شد. در حالت اول و دوم، مدل‌سازی با استفاده از داده‌های غلظت آلاینده‌ها و داده‌های هواشناسی با روش رگرسیون خطی چندمتغیره انجام شد. تنها تفاوت این دو حالت، پالایش داده‌های ورودی به‌شیوة WTEST در روش دوم است. در حالت سوم، دمای ‌سطح ‌خاک به داده‌های ورودی افزوده شد و در حالت چهارم و پنجم، به‌ترتیب مدل‌سازی ازن با استفاده از شبکة عصبی چندلایه‌ای و شبکة عصبی بازگشتی انجام شد. مقایسة این حالت‌ها نشان داد که مدل‌سازی‌های مراحل اول تا پنجم، به‌ترتیب با ضریب تعیین تعدیل‌شدة 5/0، 64/0، 69/0، 74/0 و 8/0 توانایی بازیابی غلظت ازن را داشته‌اند. همچنین مشخص شد در بین آلاینده‌های گوناگون، ‌مونوکسید نیتروژن، ‌دی‌اکسید نیتروژن، نیتراکس و از میان داده‌های هواشناسی دما، رطوبت و سرعت باد بیشترین تأثیر را در غلظت ازن دارند. افزودن دمای ‌سطح ‌خاک به داده‌های ورودی نیز افزایش پنج‌درصدی دقت را در برآورد غلظت ازن، به‌همراه داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving the Accuracy of Ground Surface Ozone Concentration Estimation Using Satellite Products and Machine Learning

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Atashi Deligani 1
  • Mina Moradizadeh 2
  • Behnam Tashayo 2
1 M.Sc. Student, Dep. of Geomatics, Faculty of Civil and Transportation Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan
2 Assistant Prof., Dep. of Geomatics, Faculty of Civil and Transportation Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan
چکیده [English]

Ground surface ozone is one of the most dangerous pollutants that has significant harmful effects on the residents of urban areas. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting ozone concentration and modeling its changes using satellite data and different machine learning methods in Tehran. For this purpose, pollutant concentration and meteorological data were used along with the satellite product of land surface temperature (LST) in the period from 2015 to 2021. After calculating the correlation between ozone concentration and independent parameters, ozone concentration modeling was done in five different modes in terms of input parameters and learning method and applying data refinement. In the first and second mode, modeling was done using pollutant concentration and meteorological data through multivariate linear regression method. The only difference between these two modes is the filtering of the input data using the WTEST method in the second mode. In the third mode, the LST product was added to the input data, and in the fourth and fifth mode, ozone modeling was done using multilayer neural network and recurrent neural network, respectively. The comparison of the five modes showed that the modeling of the first to fifth stages with adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.5, 0.64, 0.69, 0.74 and 0.8 were able to recover the ozone concentration, respectively. It was also found that among different pollutants, nitrogen monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and nitrox have the greatest impact on ozone concentration, just as temperature, humidity and wind speed are the most influential among meteorological data. Although the use of WTEST statistics led to the identification and elimination of inconsistencies and errors in the observations of pollution measurement stations, the neural network learning method showed better performance in modeling than multivariate regression due to its less sensitivity to noise. As a notable result, adding the LST product to the input data brought a 5% increase in accuracy in estimating ozone concentration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ozone concentration
  • Machine learning
  • Multivariate linear regression
  • Recurrent neural network
  • Atmospheric pollutant

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