تأثیر طوفان‌های گردوغبار نمکی در سلامت گیاهان در حوضة شرقی دریاچة ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه جغرافیا، واحد مرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی مرند

2 استاد دانشکدة برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز

چکیده

دریاچة‌ ارومیه یکی از بزرگ‌ترین دریاچه‌های آب ‌شور در جهان است که متأسفانه درحال خشک‌شدن است. این مسئله خطرها و نگرانی‌های بسیاری را به‌ویژه در ارتباط با گردوغبارهای نمکی در پهنه‌های خشک‌شدة آن، به‌وجود آورده است. ازاین‌رو، در این پژوهش، سعی شد ارتباط پوشش گیاهی و گردوغبار در شهرستان‌های اطراف دریاچة ارومیه بررسی شود. درمورد گیاهان، شوری باعث بی‌نظمی‌های فیزولوژیک، تنش رشد، فتوسنتز، پروتئین، تنفس، تولید انرژی، پیری زودرس و کاهش آب در گیاه می‌شود. با توجه به این تأثیرات، سعی شد با استفاده از شاخص‌های مرتبط، شامل NDVI، CIre، GCI، CRI2، NDWI، NDII، MSI و PSRI سلامت کلی گیاهان ارزیابی شود. این شاخص‌ها میزان آب گیاه، تنش‌های آبی گیاه، ظرفیت فتوسنتز، رشد گیاهان و کمبود آب، میزان کلروفیل، نیتروژن و رنگدانه‌ها را که به انرژی و سلامت گیاه مربوط می‌شود، ارزیابی می‌کند. طبق این شاخص‌ها، سلامت گیاهان به‌طور کلی در وضعیت مطلوبی قرار دارد و اغلب بیشترین ارزش عددی شاخص‌ها به باغات اختصاص داشت. با استفاده از تصاویر لندست و سنتینل‌ـ 2 و شاخص NDVI، تغییرات پوشش گیاهی منطقه در بازة زمانی 2010 تا 2020 تعیین و سپس با استفاده از پایگاه دادة MERRA-2، میزان غلظت گردوغبار نیز درمورد این بازة زمانی استخراج شد. نتایج نشان‌دهندة این بود که میانگین NDVI، در منطقة مورد مطالعه، از روندی ثابت با میانگین کلی 2957/0 پیروی می‌کند و گاه براَثر تأثیرگذاری برخی عوامل بیرونی، مانند گردوغبار، بر میزان آن افزوده و یا از آن کاسته می‌شود. بر‌این‌اساس بیشترین میزان (3495/0) میانگین NDVI به سال 2018 و کمترین میزان (2579/0) به سال 2013 تعلق دارد. همچنین برای بررسی میزان ارتباط پوشش گیاهی و گردوغبار، از دو روش رگرسیون خطی و لگاریتمی استفاده شد و نتایج نشان داد، براساس رگرسیون خطی (7703/0) و لگاریتمی (7915/0)، بیشترین ضریب تبیین بین دو شاخص یادشده در ماه مه بوده است. مطالعة جامع شاخص‌های سلامت گیاهی و ارتباط آن با رویدادهای طوفان‌های گردوغبار از مزایای این روش پیشنهادی به‌شمار می‌رود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Salt Dust Storms on the Health of Plants in the Eastern Basin of Urmia Lake

نویسندگان [English]

  • fariba gilreyhan 1
  • Khalil Valizadeh Kamran 2
  • davood mokhtari 2
  • ali akbar rasouli 2
1 Ph.D. Student, Dep. of Geography, Marand Branch, Marand Islamic Azad University
2 Prof. of Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz
چکیده [English]

Urmia Lake is one of the largest saltwater lakes in the world, which unfortunately is drying up and has caused many dangers and concerns, especially in relation to salt dust in its dried areas. Therefore, in this research, we tried to investigate the relationship between vegetation and dust in the cities around Lake Urmia. Salinity in plants causes physiological disorders; salt stress causes growth, photosynthesis, protein, respiration, energy production, premature senescence, water reduction in plants. Considering these effects, it was tried to evaluate the overall health of plants by using related indicators including NDVI, CIre, GCI, CRI2, NDWI, NDII, MSI, PSRI. These indicators evaluate the amount of plant water, plant water stress, photosynthesis capacity, plant growth and water deficit, the amount of chlorophyll, nitrogen and pigments, which are related to plant energy and health. According to these indicators, the health of plants is generally in a favorable condition, and mostly the highest numerical values of the indicators were assigned to gardens. Using Landsat and Sentinel 2 images and the NDVI index, the vegetation changes of the region were determined in the period from 2010 to 2020, and then using the MERRA-2 database, the amount of dust concentration was also extracted for the mentioned years. The results showed that the average NDVI in the studied area follows a constant trend with an overall average of 0.2957 and sometimes it increases or decreases due to the influence of external factors such as dust. Based on this, the highest (0.3495) average NDVI is related to 2018 and the lowest (0.2579) is related to 2013. Also, two methods of linear and logarithmic regression were used to investigate the relationship between vegetation cover and dust, and the results showed that based on the linear (0.7703) and logarithmic (0.7915) regression, the highest coefficient of explanation between the two mentioned indicators was in May.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dust
  • Plant health indicators
  • Salinity
  • Urmia Lake

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