تحلیل روند تغییرات منابع آب و عوامل مؤثر در آن در حوضة آبریز فلات مرکزی ایران با استفاده از محصولات ماهواره‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار سنجش از دور گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه یزد

2 دانشیار بیابان‌زدایی گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط‌زیست، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت

چکیده

حوضة آبریز فلات مرکزی ایران، به‌دلیل تغییرات اقلیمی و کاهش منابع آب دردسترس ازیک‌سو و افزایش جمعیت و به‌تبع آن، افزایش تقاضا ازسوی‌دیگر، با بحران شدید آب مواجه است. دانش سنجش از دور و دردسترس‌بودن محصولات متعدد ماهواره‌ای امکان پایش روند تغییرات پارامترهای گوناگون محیطی، به‌ویژه منابع آب سطحی و زیرزمینی را با دقت مناسب فراهم آورده است. بدین‌منظور، با استفاده از سامانة گوگل ارث انجین، شانزده محصول ماهواره‌ای شامل پارامترهای محیطی متفاوت، همچون بارش، دما، تبخیر و تعرق، رطوبت خاک، رواناب، ضخامت آب معادل (GRACE)، شاخص پوشش گیاهی و مساحت پیکره‌های آبی، در بازة زمانی سال‌های 2000 تا 2022، دریافت و آماده‌سازی شد. سپس با استفاده از آزمون ناپارامتریک من‌ـ کندال و تخمین‌گر شیب سن، روند تغییرات این پارامترها بررسی شد. با توجه به نتایج حاصل، تغییرات گرانش زمین که از نشانگرهای سطح آب زیرزمینی است و نیز مساحت پیکره‌های آبی که بیانگر منابع آب سطحی است و رطوبت خاک، روندی کاهشی و معنی‌دار را نشان داد؛ درحالی ‌که دمای حداکثر، دمای حداقل و تبخیر و تعرق پتانسیل و شاخص NDVI بیانگر روند افزایشی معنی‌داری بود. به‌رغم کاهش مساحت پیکره‌های آبی، شاخص پوشش گیاهی افزایش یافته است که افزایش سطح زیرکشت محصولات کشاورزی و برداشت بی‌رویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی را نشان می‌دهد و روند کاهشی محصول ماهوارة GRACE نیز مؤید این واقعیت است. بررسی ضرایب همبستگی بین پارامترهای دارای روند معنی‌دار نیز نشان داد بین GRACE و پارامترهای NDVI، دمای حداقل، دمای حداکثر، رطوبت خاک و مساحت پیکره‌های آبی، همبستگی معنی‌داری وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An analysis of the Trend Changes in Water Resources and Factors Affecting it in the Central Plateau of Iran Using Satellite Products

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Ebrahimi 1
  • Zohre Ebrahimi-Khusfi 2
1 Assistant prof. in Remote Sensing, Dep. of Geography, Yazd University, Yazd
2 Associate Prof., Dep. of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft
چکیده [English]

The Central Plateau of Iran, due to climate changes and the reduction of available water resources on one hand, and the increase in population and the consequent increase in demand on the other hand, is facing a severe water crisis. The science of remote sensing and the availability of numerous satellite products have made it possible to monitor the process of changes in various environmental parameters, especially surface and underground water sources, with appropriate accuracy. For this purpose, using the Google Earth Engine system, 16 different satellite products including different environmental parameters such as precipitation, temperature, evaporation and transpiration, soil moisture, runoff, total water storage (GRACE), vegetation cover index and water surface area were received and prepared for the time period 2000-2022. Then, using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test and the Sen’s slope estimator, the change trend of these parameters was investigated. According to the results, the changes in earth's gravity, which indicates the level of underground water, as well as the area of water surfaces, which indicates surface water resources, and soil moisture, showed a significant decreasing trend. On the other hand, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, potential evaporation and transpiration and NDVI index have a significant increasing trend. Despite the decrease in water surface area, the vegetation cover index has increased, which indicates the increase in the area under cultivation of agricultural products and excessive harvesting of underground water resources, which is also confirmed by the decreasing trend of the GRACE satellite product. The correlation coefficients between parameters with significant trends also showed that there is a significant correlation between GRACE and NDVI parameters, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, soil moisture and area of surface water bodies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Remote sensing
  • Changes trend
  • Google Earth Engine
  • Surface water resources
  • Underground water resources
  • Water bodies
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