کاربرد داده‌های ماهوارة سنتینل‌ـ 2 در تدقیق تغییرات پوشش اراضی در محدودة بستر تالاب انزلی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی گروه پژوهشی محیط‌زیست طبیعی، پژوهشکدة محیط‌زیست جهاد دانشگاهی، رشت

2 استادیار گروه پژوهشی فراوری پسماند، پژوهشکدة محیط‌زیست جهاد دانشگاهی، رشت

3 کارشناس پژوهش، گروه پژوهشی محیط‌زیست طبیعی، پژوهشکدة محیط‌زیست جهاد دانشگاهی، رشت

4 استادیارگروه پژوهشی محیط‌زیست طبیعی، پژوهشکدة محیط‌زیست جهاد دانشگاهی، رشت

چکیده

تالاب‌ها به‌منزلة جزء اساسی اکوسیستم جهانی در پیشگیری یا کاهش شدت سیل، تغذیة سفره‌های آب زیرزمینی و فراهم‌آوردن زیستگاه منحصربه‌فرد برای گیاهان و جانوران و دیگر خدمات و سودمندی‌ها، از عناصر اصلی استراتژی حفاظت منطقه‌ای‌اند. تالاب بین‌المللی انزلی در استان گیلان یکی از ده تالاب ارزشمند جهان است که به‌لحاظ تغییرات ساختاری حاصل از فرایندهای انسان‌ساخت، دچار تغییرات زیادی در کاربری اراضی و پوشش گیاهی شده و ماهیت و کارکردهای اکولوژیک آن به‌خطر افتاده است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی کاربرد داده‌های سنجش ‌از دور در نقشه‌سازی تغییرات الگوی فضایی سیمای ‌سرزمین، به‌کمک نمونه‌برداری زمینی در سطح بستر تالاب و تجزیه‌وتحلیل تغییرات انسجام سرزمینی براساس متریک‌های سیمای ‌سرزمین است. ابتدا داده‌های ماهواره‌ای بررسی شد و ازطریق طبقه‌بندی تصاویر سنتینل‌ـ 2، متعلق به سال‌های 2016 تا 2020 با نقاط نمونه‌برداری زمینی، نقشة کلاس‌های پوشش اراضی در هفت طبقة کشاورزی، بایر، نیزار، جنگل، مرتع، پهنة آبی و شهری، برای نقشه‌سازی و تجزیه‌وتحلیل متریک‌های سیمای ‌سرزمین، پدید آمد. پس‌از استخراج متریک‌های‌ سیمای‌ سرزمین در سطح کلاس و سیمای ‌سرزمین با نرم‌افزار Fragstats و تعیین متریک‌های‌ مناسب طبق روش PCA، با نرم‌افزارهای R و Canoco، متریک‌های‌ LPI، LSI، ENN_MN، CA، TE، NP، SHAPE_MN، PARA_MN، IJI، AREA_MN به‌منزلة متریک‌های‌ کاربردی برای تحلیل بهتر منطقه، انتخاب شدند‌. آنالیز متریک‌ها‌ بیانگر آن است که به‌طور کلی سیمای ‌سرزمین از‌هم گسیخته‌شده‌، ازنظر شکلی، پیچیده‌تر و نامنظم‌تر و ازنظر میزان یکپارچگی عناصر ساختاری،‌ ناپیوسته‌تر شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Application of Sentinel- 2 Satellite Data in Investigating Land Cover Changes in the Bed of Anzali Wetland

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Haghighi Khomami 1
  • Mohammad Panahandeh 2
  • Mohammad javad tajaddod 3
  • Fariborz Jamalzad Fallah 4
  • Mahsa Abdoli 3
1 Instructor of Natural Environment Research Group, Academic Center for Education Culture & Research (ACECR), Environmental Research Institute, Rasht
2 Assistant Prof. of Waste Processing Research Group, Academic Center for Education Culture & Research (ACECR), Environmental Research Institute, Rasht
3 Research Expert, Natural Environment Research Group, Academic Center for Education Culture & Research (ACECR), Environmental Research Institute, Rasht
4 Assistant Prof. of Natural Environment Research Group, Academic Center for Education Culture & Research (ACECR), Environmental Research Institute, Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Wetlands as an integral part of the global ecosystem in flood prevention or mitigation, feeding aquifers and providing unique habitat for plants and animals and other services and benefits are key elements of a regional conservation strategy. Anzali International Wetland in Guilan Province is one of the 10 most valuable wetlands in the world, which has undergone many changes in land use and vegetation due to structural changes resulting from man-made processes, and its nature and ecological functions have been endangered. The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of remote sensing data in mapping changes in the spatial pattern of the landscape with the help of field work training areas at the bed of the wetland and to analyze the changes of territorial cohesion based on the metrics of the landscape. First, satellite data were analyzed and Sentinel ‌-2 images from 2016 to 2020 were classified by training areas. Then, a map of land cover in 7 classes of agriculture, barren, reed, forest, rangeland, water and urban area was created for mapping and analysis of land use metrics. After extracting class-level and landscape-level metrics in Fragstats software and determining appropriate metrics using PCA method with R and Canoco software, LPI, LSI, ENN_MN, CA, TE, NP, SHAPE_MN, PARA_MN, IJN, ARE_ Applications were selected for better analysis of the area. Analysis of metrics indicates that, in general, the landscape is fragmented, more complex and irregular in form, and more discontinuous in terms of the degree of integration of structural elements.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Landscape metric
  • Remote sensing
  • Land use
  • Structural changes
  • Anzali wetland
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