پایش خشکسالی بوم‌شناختی زاگرس میانی برپایة داده‌های ماهوارة لندست‌– 7 و داده‌های اقلیمی (مطالعة موردی: استان لرستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه لرستان

2 دانشیار گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

3 دانش‌آموختة دکتری جغرافیا گرایش اقلیم‌شناسی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

پوشش‌ گیاهی نقش مهمی در حفاظت از منابع آب و خاک، تثبیت کربن و بهبود کیفیت هوا دارد. در زاگرس میانی، پوشش گیاهی جنگلی و مرتعی و تأثیر آن در حفاظت از منابع خاک و آب و پایداری فعالیت‌های اقتصادی، دارای اهمیت بسیار است. در این پژوهش، با استفاده از پلتفرم گوگل ‌ارث انجین و تصاویر ماهوارة لندست‌– 7، خشکسالی زاگرس میانی (استان لرستان) با شاخص‌های گیاهی NDVI، SAVI و VCI و همچنین شاخص خشکسالی هواشناسیSPI ، متعلق به دورة آماری 2020-2000 پایش شد. برای محاسبة شاخص SPI از داده‌های بارش نُه ایستگاه هواشناسی سینوپتیک، با پراکنش مکانی مناسب و طول دورة آماری (2020-2000) استفاده شد و پردازش‌ها در نرم‌افزار DPI انجام شد. به‌منظور محاسبة شاخص‌های گیاهی، ابتدا تمامی تصاویر ماهواره‌ای تصحیح‌هندسی‌شدة سنجندة ETM+ ماهوارة لندست برای استان لرستان، متعلق به هر سال، فراخوانی شد. در این مرحله، به‌طور متوسط درمورد هر سال 52 تصویر فراخوانی شد. سپس تصاویر با پوشش ابری کمتر از 5% انتخاب و پردازش شدند. نتایج شاخص VCI نشان داد منطقة مورد مطالعه، در طول دورة آماری 2020-2000، اغلب تحت تأثیر خشکسالی خفیف بوده و بین سال‌های مورد مطالعه، در سال 2008، بیشترین میزان مساحت خشکسالی‌ مربوط به طبقة متوسط را با 6/5880 هکتار، دارا بوده است. نتایج شاخص SPI نشان داد در سال 2010 خشکسالی متوسط، در سال‌های 2008 و 2017 خشکسالی شدید، در 2006 ترسالی ملایم و سال 2019 ترسالی شدید رخ داده است. نتایج شاخص‌های NDVI و SAVI نیز گویای افزایش طبقات پوشش گیاهی تنک و مناطق فاقد پوشش گیاهی، به‌ترتیب، 1/331679 و 115164 هکتار و کاهش پوشش گیاهی نرمال و متراکم، به‌ترتیب، 7/446160 و 4/682 هکتار در سال 2008، در قیاس با سال‌های 2006 و 2007 بود. براساس نتایج، هر سه شاخص مورد بررسی شرایط مساعد پوشش گیاهی و ترسالی اکولوژیک در سال‌های 2016، 2019 و 2020 به‌دست آمد. بیشترین میزان این هماهنگی میان خشکسالی هواشناسی SPI و شاخص‌های گیاهی در سال‌های 2008 و 2010 و تاحدودی ترسالی سال 2019 مشاهده شد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج نشان می‌دهد که افزایش یا کاهش پوشش گیاهی می‌تواند ناشی از رخداد یا نبود خشکسالی باشد؛ ضمن آنکه دیگر عوامل، مانند تغییرات کاربری اراضی نیز، باید درنظر گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecological Drought Monitoring of Middle Zagros Based on Landsat 7 Satellite Data and Climate Data (Case Study: Lorestan Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Reza Matinfar 1
  • Aliakbar Shamsipor 2
  • Hadis Sadeghi 3
1 Associate Prof., Lorestan University
2 Associate Prof., Geography Dep., Faculty of Geography, Tehran University, Tehran
3 Ph.D. of Geography, Geography Dep., Faculty of Geography, Tehran University, Tehran
چکیده [English]

Vegetation plays an important role in protecting water and soil resources, stabilizing carbon and improving air quality. In Middle Zagros, forest and pasture vegetation is very important in terms of protecting soil and water resources and sustaining economic activities. In this research, using the Google Earth Engine platform and Landsat 7 satellite images, the drought of Middle Zagros (Lorestan province) was monitored with vegetation indices NDVI, SAVI and VCI, as well as meteorological drought index SPI for the statistical period of 2020-2000. To calculate the SPI index, the precipitation data of 9 synoptic meteorological stations with appropriate spatial distribution and the length of the statistical period (2020-2000) were used, and the processing was done in DPI software. In order to calculate the plant indices, first, all the geometrically corrected satellite images of the ETM+ sensor of the Landsat satellite were called for Lorestan province for each year. At this stage, an average of 52 images were called for each year. Then the images with less than 5% cloud cover were selected and processed. The results of the VCI index showed that mainly the studied area was affected by mild drought during the statistical period of 2020-2000. The year 2008 had the highest amount of drought related to the middle class with 5880.6 hectares among the studied years. The results of the SPI index showed that there was a moderate drought in 2010, a severe drought in 2008 and 2017, a mild drought in 2006, and a severe drought in 2019. The results of NDVI and SAVI indices also show the increase of thin vegetation classes and areas without vegetation by 1.331679 and 115164 hectares, respectively, and the decrease of normal and dense vegetation by 446160.7 and 682.4 hectares respectively per year. 2008 was compared to 2006 and 2007. Based on the results of all three investigated indicators, the favorable conditions of vegetation cover and ecological threat were obtained in 2016, 2019 and 2020. The highest level of this coordination between SPI meteorological drought and vegetation indices was observed in 2008 and 2010 and to some extent in 2019. In general, the results show that the increase or decrease of vegetation can be caused by the occurrence or absence of drought, while other factors such as land use changes should also be considered.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecological drought
  • Remote sensing
  • Google Earth Engine
  • Middle Zagros

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