Assessment and Prioritization of Urban Redevelopment Strategies for Deteriorated Areas Using Remote Sensing Technology and the BWM Method (Case Study: Zanjan, Iran)"

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Geography ,University of Zanjan , znajan, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objective: Urban deteriorated fabrics represent one of the most pressing challenges to sustainable urban development in Iran, with wide-ranging impacts on physical infrastructure, social cohesion, economic vitality, and environmental quality. The city of Zanjan, as a growing urban center, has in recent decades witnessed a notable expansion of such deteriorated areas. These districts suffer from issues such as declining living conditions, inadequate urban services, vulnerability to hazards, social anomalies, weakened sense of place, and a drop in social capital. Moreover, previous planning efforts within the frameworks of comprehensive and detailed urban plans have largely failed to meet the needs of these areas or facilitate their revitalization. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to identify deteriorated urban fabrics in Zanjan, analyze their current conditions, and prioritize strategic intervention measures using a hybrid approach involving remote sensing technology, the DPSIR analytical framework, and the Best-Worst Method (BWM) for multi-criteria decision-making.
Materials and Methods: To achieve the research objectives, satellite data for the city of Zanjan was extracted using Landsat 8 imagery dated November 28, 2020. Spatial analysis of the data was performed using ENVI software, focusing on indicators such as Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and surface emissivity. Urban zones with high LST and low vegetation cover were identified as having a high potential for physical deterioration. The final classification divided the urban area into five deterioration classes. The first class, accounting for approximately 6.9% of the city’s area, was identified as the most deteriorated, largely overlapping with Zanjan’s historical core. The second class, covering around 10% of the city’s area, was in an emerging phase of deterioration.
Results and Discussion: In the second phase of the study, the DPSIR (Driving forces–Pressures–State–Impact–Response) framework was used to understand the causal chain of urban fabric deterioration and to formulate appropriate intervention strategies. This conceptual model enabled a comprehensive analysis of the factors driving and exacerbating urban decay. To identify and evaluate intervention strategies, expert opinions were collected from 20 urban planning professionals selected through snowball sampling. The strategies were then prioritized using the Best-Worst Method (BWM), which relies on pairwise comparisons to determine the relative importance of various options.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that among the proposed strategies, "citizen participation in the revitalization process" received the highest priority. This was followed by "economic revitalization of deteriorated areas" and "identification of zones at risk of deterioration" as the second and third most important strategies, respectively. Conversely, strategies such as "improving cleanliness," "increasing residential density," and "physical reconstruction" were ranked lowest in priority. This prioritization suggests that social and economic interventions are more effective than purely physical measures in the regeneration of deteriorated urban fabrics. Overall, the study demonstrates the efficacy of integrating remote sensing technologies, conceptual modeling, and multi-criteria decision-making to create a localized and effective framework for the identification, analysis, and strategic planning of urban regeneration efforts. This framework may serve as a practical foundation for urban managers, policymakers, and planners aiming for sustainable urban renewal in Zanjan and other comparable cities.

Keywords

References

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