Parinaz Abdoli; Sohayla Hashemi
Abstract
One of the benefits of remote sensing and Vis–NIR are rapidity, simplicity, and low cost of analysis compared with traditional methods. The aim of this research, is to use Landsat 8 satellite sensors and near infrared spectrum in agricultural and forestry uses in Gyan Nahavand plain, Hamadan province ...
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One of the benefits of remote sensing and Vis–NIR are rapidity, simplicity, and low cost of analysis compared with traditional methods. The aim of this research, is to use Landsat 8 satellite sensors and near infrared spectrum in agricultural and forestry uses in Gyan Nahavand plain, Hamadan province to estimate soil calcium carbonate. 48 soil samples were collected from Gyan randomly and some physico-chemical characteristics of soils were analyzed. The correlation between the value of the main bands, composition of the bands, calcite indices with the amount of soil calcite was done. Spectral analysis of the desired soils was done using a fieldSpec3 with a wavelength range of 350-2500 nm. Laboratory results showed that the average of soil calcium carbonate in agriculture and forest use are 30 and 22.22%, respectively. The results showed that the bands 10 and 11 had a significant correlation with soil calcite in forest use (p<0.05). 12 band compositions at the 5% level and 6 band compositions at the 1% level showed a significant correlation with the amount of soil calcite. Also, R1 index ((Band5/Band4)/(Band5/Band2)) with soil calcite had significant correlation (p<0.05). The correlation between the measured calcite in laboratory and the equation achieved from satellite image was found to be equal (r2= 0.45) for agriculture use. In the spectroscopic method, the highest correlation was observed at the wavelength of 612 nm (r2=0.85**). Among the models fitted by multivariate regression, in satellite images, the Stepwise Multivariate Linear Regression (SMLR) model is suggested as a suitable model for calcite estimation. The partial least square regression (PLSR) model has been an almost suitable for estimating calcite by spectroscopic method. It can be concluded that Vis-NIR spectroscopy method has more accuracy than remote sensing and titration methods, but it requires more.
Imam Baharloo
Abstract
Public transportation and easy commuting in the city are one of the main aspects of urban life, and taking care of a complete, regular and developed transportation system is one of the basic needs of the city. In this respect, it is important to pay attention to the principles of "spatial justice" ...
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Public transportation and easy commuting in the city are one of the main aspects of urban life, and taking care of a complete, regular and developed transportation system is one of the basic needs of the city. In this respect, it is important to pay attention to the principles of "spatial justice" that have been included in urban planning discussions in order to solve the inadequacies of urban management. In recent years, the city of Isfahan has experienced significant population growth and physical development in different directions. On the other hand, the results of comprehensive transportation studies of Isfahan City indicate that to provide citizens with balanced access to public transportation lines, the creation of 21 high-speed bus lines has been proposed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prioritize the development of high-speed bus lines by combining the Shannon, Kopras and entropy models with an emphasis on the concepts of spatial justice up to the horizon of 1410. The distinctive feature of this research is the integration of a geographic information system with spatial justice indicators in order to prioritize bus express routes for implementation. Therefore, in the first step, the status of high-speed bus lines was calculated in terms of permeability, proximity, and accessibility indicators, and the Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve of the current situation was calculated. In the second step, by calculating the Gini coefficient of each of the proposed lines separately and comparing it with the current value, the effectiveness of the proposed lines was evaluated. Secondly, the importance of the desired criteria was weighed by the Shannon entropy method. In the end, using the Kopras method, 21 proposed bus routes were prioritized for development to the 1410 time horizon. The results showed that although the Ayatollah Ghaffari terminal line to the end of Sheikh Sadouq with a length of 14.9 km is one of the medium length lines, it should be implemented considering other criteria as the first priority.
Keywords: Spatial Equity, Public Transport, Shannon Entropy, Kopras, Lorenz Curve
Mohammad Karim Sirat; Gomroki Masoomeh
Abstract
Today, land use change detection in urban areas have key role in city management, resource management and city development. So, in this research the land use change detection is investigated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the land use changes in Herat using Landsat 8 satellite images ...
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Today, land use change detection in urban areas have key role in city management, resource management and city development. So, in this research the land use change detection is investigated. The purpose of this research is to investigate the land use changes in Herat using Landsat 8 satellite images of OLI sensor during 2015 and 2022. After geometrical, radiometric and atmospheric correction in these four-use satellite images; Soil, plant, city and water were identified in the study area. Two methods of maximum likelihood and artificial neural network have been used to classify satellite images to identify land use changes. In general, the classification of the images used by the maximum likelihood method has provided better accuracy, which has a good kappa coefficient and overall accuracy. In the image of 2015, the maximum likelihood method with a kappa coefficient of 0.75, overall accuracy of 0.85 was used, and in the image of 2022, classification was done using the maximum likelihood method. which has a kappa coefficient of 0.96 and an overall accuracy of 0.97. Based on the results of the classification, during the period of 2015-2022, a decrease in the level of land and water and an increase in the level of city and plant land were observed. After classifying the number of changes in the time period of 2015-2022, the land use area has decreased by 4.00 square kilometers, water by 1.62 square kilometers, and the city has increased by 1.39 square kilometers and plants by 4.59 square kilometers.
sara Beheshtifar; Siamak Bakhshali pour gavgani
Abstract
Earthquake is one of the natural hazards that, due to its unexpected nature, often causes a lot of human and financial losses. Currently, there is no way to prevent earthquakes; But with strategies such as identifying vulnerable areas, the resulting damages can be reduced to some extent. In this research, ...
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Earthquake is one of the natural hazards that, due to its unexpected nature, often causes a lot of human and financial losses. Currently, there is no way to prevent earthquakes; But with strategies such as identifying vulnerable areas, the resulting damages can be reduced to some extent. In this research, the level of vulnerability of a part of the 2nd zone of Tabriz city against this event has been investigated. For this purpose, first, effective indices (criteria) such as building materials, quality of buildings, age of buildings and number of floors, were specified and related information was collected. Then the weights of these criteria were calculated using the best-worst method (BWM), which is one of the new methods of multi-criteria decision making. In this research, the simplex linear programming method was used to solve the mentioned model, and the inconsistency rate was about 0.06. In each factor map, the best and worst areas were determined by spatial analysis and through calculations based on the condition of the parcels inside each area, instead of the expert opinions (unlike the usual BWM). Finally vulnerability map was produced in GIS environment. Also, the allowable change for the weight of each criterion was specified. The weight of building quality and distance from open spaces have the most and least flexibility against change, respectively. According to the results of the research, area No. 2 is the most vulnerable to earthquakes, which accounts for 16% of the studied area and includes 1815 parcels.
Zahra Barkhordari; Ali Shamsoddini
Abstract
Due to the limitations of real precipitation measurement and the lack of proper spatial and temporal coverage of rainfall measurement in the country, remote sensing technology with high temporal and spatial resolution is considered as a useful tool for estimating the amount of precipitation phenomenon ...
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Due to the limitations of real precipitation measurement and the lack of proper spatial and temporal coverage of rainfall measurement in the country, remote sensing technology with high temporal and spatial resolution is considered as a useful tool for estimating the amount of precipitation phenomenon and its temporal and spatial changes; however, satellite data are contaminated to the various errors such as uncertainty in sampling, retrieval errors and inherent errors. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of their precipitation products before using them. In this study, the effectiveness and accuracy of the precipitation products of CHIRPS, TRMM and MERRA satellites were evaluated using statistical methods against the measured data of 222 synoptic stations located in IRAN on a monthly time scale, for the years 2005-2019. The results showed that the TRMM product with RMSE of 23.84 mm performed better compared to other precipitation products, and after that, the MERRA product with RMSE of 30.57 mm has shown a suitable performance compared to the CHIRPS product with RMSE of 35 mm. Also, the examination of POD, FAR and CSI indices showed that the performance difference of three precipitation products is not considerable and all three have a good performance. In general, the results showed that TRMM satellite products can be used as a good substitute for measured data in where there is no synoptic station. It has also matched in terms of indicators.
mostafa karampour; samad khosravi yegane; hamed heidri
Abstract
IntroductionIn each region, drought conditions vary from moderate to severe and with different durations, which require continuous and operational monitoring. The longer a drought occurs, the greater its effects on vegetation and water resources, and the more severe the drought, which can limit human ...
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IntroductionIn each region, drought conditions vary from moderate to severe and with different durations, which require continuous and operational monitoring. The longer a drought occurs, the greater its effects on vegetation and water resources, and the more severe the drought, which can limit human services and alter natural systems. The effects of drought include habitat destruction for wildlife and water quality, reduced access to water resources, etc. and as a result, disruptions such as fire incidents and other natural disasters increase. ). Vegetation in each region, especially in different regions of Lorestan province, is at risk of numerous fires every year due to the lack of rain and dryness of the environment. For this reason, the issue of revealing and identifying fire-prone areas in relation to the most important climatic element (rainfall) has been selected and carried out, which can facilitate appropriate and preventive measures to protect vegetation areas. In this research, a combined method has been used.Material and methods:In this study, an attempt has been made to investigate the drought condition of vegetation in Lorestan province by using Suomi NPP infrared images using NDVI, VCI and TCI indices. The studied period of 2013-2021 corresponds to the first of April to the end of July (week of 13-26 AD) as a weekly average. The monthly average of Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) using precipitation data, the use of monthly precipitation data from Aligoderz, Durood, Khorramabad, Borujerd, Noorabad, Kohdasht and Azna weather stations was done to analyze the precipitation situation well and separate dry and wet months from each other. become Then the correlation coefficient of SPI index with each vegetation index (NDVI, VCI and TCI) is calculated.Results and discussion:Based on the rainfall data recorded in the meteorological stations of Lorestan province, it can be said that there is no rainfall in the study area in the summer season (July, August and September) and only in the autumn, winter and spring seasons. Therefore, the water year in Lorestan province starts approximately from the third decade of September and continues until the second and third decade of June every year. This indicates the very dry air and lack of humidity. Dry air or lack of humidity and increase in temperature provide the necessary conditions for causing fire in the province. In this article, they put a dry season in the summer season of Lorestan province and August is the driest month of the year.ConclusionThe results of this research showed that the vegetation in Lorestan province is always facing the risk of fire and this is very high in the years when there is a lack of rainfall, in different months. It was proved that if there is a lack of rainfall in the first months of the water year, there is a risk of vegetation fire even in the cold months of the year, and this risk increases significantly in the hot months of the year, which is the case in 2021. there have been. SPI calculations showed that the months of July, August and September are negative in Lorestan province. The results show that the best indicator is based on satellite images for monitoring vegetation drought and fire risk in the study area (TCI). In the years 2013 and 2015, the highest fire risk occurred in the western and central regions of Lorestan province. In 2021, the most severe fire risk has occurred in vegetation in the studied area. Due to the large changes and dispersion of vegetation indicators effective in the occurrence of fires in terms of time and place, Spearman's non-parametric correlation has been used.Keywords: Vegetation fire, drought , precipitation, infrared images, Lorestan province
fatemeh ahmadloo; Saeedh Eskandari; mahmood Bayat; Mehrdad Mirzaei; Shahryar Sobh Zahedi; Amin Nasrollahian
Abstract
Monitoring the current status of existing afforestation’s in management decisions is very important for the development of afforestation’s in the future. This study was conducted in order to monitor the area, distribution and health of afforestation’s in Langroud county, Guilan province. ...
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Monitoring the current status of existing afforestation’s in management decisions is very important for the development of afforestation’s in the future. This study was conducted in order to monitor the area, distribution and health of afforestation’s in Langroud county, Guilan province. For this purpose, first, field surveys were done in the form of land points from the existing afforestation, and the distribution map of afforestation was prepared using the land surveys, GPS Fields Area Measure PRO application (GFAMP), and Google Earth system. Then the Sentinel 2 satellite image related to the growing season in Langroud county was prepared from the Copernicus site. From the Sentinel 2 satellite images, various vegetation indices such as NDVI, TNDVI, SAVI and RVI related to the growing season were extracted and their maps were prepared in the area of afforestation. In the following, the amount of each vegetation index studied was extracted at the points of land harvesting and the correlation of the values of each vegetation index (resulting from satellite images of the growing season of Sentinel 2) with the health of afforestation (resulting from field harvesting) was investigated. For this purpose, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used. Then, the index that showed the highest correlation with the health of afforestation in Langroud county (NDVI) was selected as the most important index to estimate the health of afforestation and its regression relationship with the health of afforestation was obtained. In the following, using the map of the most favorable vegetation index, information of field harvests and the relationship between these two cases, a health map of afforestation in Langroud county was prepared. The results showed that the area of afforestation in this county is 746.2 ha, which are mainly distributed in the southwest of the county. In addition, the results showed that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the most favorable vegetation index for estimating the health of afforestation in Langroud county. Of the current total area of afforestation, 400.56 ha are in full health status, 305.60 ha are in medium health status, and 40.04 ha are in unhealthy status. The results of this research will help the forest managers for quantitative and qualitative monitoring of afforestation and its continuity in certain time periods as well as future afforestation development plans.The results showed that the area of afforestation in this county is 746.2 ha, which are mainly distributed in the southwest of the county. In addition, the results showed that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the most favorable vegetation index for estimating the health of afforestation in Langroud county. Of the current total area of afforestation, 400.56 ha are in full health status, 305.60 ha are in medium health status, and 40.04 ha are in unhealthy status. The results of this research will help the forest managers for quantitative and qualitative monitoring of afforestation and its continuity in certain time periods as well as future afforestation development plans.n addition, the results showed that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the most favorable vegetation index for estimating the health of afforestation in Langroud county. Of the current total area of afforestation, 400.56 ha are in full health status, 305.60 ha are in medium health status, and 40.04 ha are in unhealthy status. The results of this research will help the forest managers for quantitative and qualitative monitoring of afforestation and its continuity in certain time periods as well as future afforestation development plans.Of the current total area of afforestation, 400.56 ha are in full health status, 305.60 ha are in medium health status, and 40.04 ha are in unhealthy status. The results of this research will help the forest managers for quantitative and qualitative monitoring of afforestation and its continuity in certain time periods as well as future afforestation development plans.n addition, the results showed that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is the most favorable vegetation index for estimating the health of afforestation in Langroud county. Of the current total area of afforestation, 400.56 ha are in full health status, 305.60 ha are in medium health status, and 40.04 ha are in unhealthy status. The results of this research will help the forest managers for quantitative and qualitative monitoring of afforestation and its continuity in certain time periods as well as future afforestation development plans.
Seyedeh Narges Sadati; Mahsa Fahmi; gholamreza Ahmadzadeh
Abstract
The studied area is located in the structural zone of Alborz-Azerbaijan and on the sheet 1:100000 of Lahrud. In some areas, intrusive bodies with a combination of granodiorite and quartzdiorite with Oligocene age have penetrated into the volcanic rocks, and in the central parts around the village of ...
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The studied area is located in the structural zone of Alborz-Azerbaijan and on the sheet 1:100000 of Lahrud. In some areas, intrusive bodies with a combination of granodiorite and quartzdiorite with Oligocene age have penetrated into the volcanic rocks, and in the central parts around the village of Qaragol and in the southwest of the region, in the area of Sahib Divan and Doust Biglo, they are the agent of extensive hydrothermal alteration (kaolinite), siliceous and alunite in upper Eocene latitic rocks. In order to introduce training samples after geological surveys, 13 samples from the Sahib Divan analyzed by XRD method. The areas that were representative of the major alterations and the pixels corresponding to them in satellite images were selected as training samples for the base spectrum methods. In the study area, the MNF results were extracted from Aster and sentinel 2A data and used in the classification of the base spectrum and using the software spectral library and training samples from the altered areas of the three minerals kaolinite, muscovite and chlorite respectively was used as indicators for argillic, phyllic and propylitic alteration. The interesting result obtained from this research was highlighting the alteration in the images of the Aster of Sahib Divan mine, which indicated the simultaneous presence of argillic and phyllic alteration in the center and its enclosure with propylitic alteration, which is consistent with the conventional pattern of porphyry deposits. Also, the analysis of Sentinel images showed that hematite, jarosite, goethite and limonite show strong absorption characteristics in the VNIR region and this sensor has been more successful in identifying them. The resulting products were also compared with the published geological map of the studied area and the findings have shown that the resulting maps support the conceptual geological model in the porphyry copper deposit.In the present study, the Aster and Sentinel-2A MSI datasets from the 1:100,000 sheet of Lahrud have been examined with a special attitude to Sahib Divan mine. The main goal of this study is to create a new method by considering remote sensing data, especially Aster and Sentinel 2, in identifying alterations associated with porphyry copper deposits. This identification was based on two approaches: identification of hydrothermal alteration zones associated with porphyry copper deposits (through spectral library) and direct identification of alteration zones and copper-bearing minerals (through direct sampling of the deposit site and using it as a training pixel). In this research, taking into account that the purpose of exploring porphyry copper deposits, acidic to intermediate igneous rocks in which extensive argillic, phyllic, and propylitic alteration had occurred, special attention was paid to alunitic, silicic, and iron oxide alteration. Recent technological advances in the field of spectral/spatial resolution of satellite data in classification algorithms have created interesting opportunities and solutions for geological mapping. Therefore, after taking the geology and conducting XRD studies, base spectrum mineralogical mapping methods such as BE, LSU, CEM were used, among which the BE method gave the best result for separating the target pixels, especially for detecting different types of changes related to porphyry copper deposits. It was shown using training pixels on Aster's images. Although Sentinel images did not achieve satisfactory results for clay minerals due to low spectral resolution in the short infrared range, they were favorable for separating iron-containing minerals such as hematite, jarosite, and goethite, and by using a color combination, it was concluded that it shows the presence of hematite and jarosite at the same time. The results of the investigation of the intrusive masses of the 100000 sheet of Lahrud, siliceous veins and the spread of faults and deformations show that, in general, the extensive altreation in the central part (Salavat and Niaz Qoli-Mashiran) and the southwest of the study area (Saheb Divan and Dust Biglo) is significant. The products obtained from the processing were compared with the published geological map of the studied area and it was shown that the resulting maps correspond to the conceptual geological model of the porphyry copper deposit and the alterations are related to the host rock of this type of deposit.
