نشریه سنجش از دور و GIS  ایران

نشریه سنجش از دور و GIS ایران

Hydro-Ecological Effects of Land-Use Change and Climate Variability: Insights from the Kashafrud River Basin, Northeastern Iran (1973–2023)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 Dep of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute (ESRI), Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Dep of Water Engineering and Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Dep of Water Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده
This study assessed the combined impacts of climate variability and land-use change on the hydrological regime of the Kashafrud River Basin, Iran, during 1973–2023. Hydroclimatic data, statistical trend analyses, Google Earth Engine land-use mapping, and Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) were applied to assess long-term changes. The results revealed a significant decline in precipitation, particularly in upstream areas, alongside a persistent increase in temperature throughout the basin. Land-use analysis showed substantial urban expansion and agricultural development over the five decades. These climatic and land-surface changes have jointly altered runoff generation, infiltration, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge processes. The river’s natural flow regime has consequently been disrupted, as reflected by reduced low flows, shifts in peak-flow timing, and increased flow variability. The findings demonstrate that streamflow alterations result from the synergistic interaction of climatic changes and human-induced land-use transformations. Therefore, integrated and adaptive land and water management, conservation agriculture, and improved water governance are essential to enhance ecological integrity and water security in this semi-arid basin.
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