نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران، گروه عمران، دانشکدۀ فنی و مهندسی، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران

2 دانشیار دانشکدۀ فنی و مهندسی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج

چکیده

در میان شبکۀ معابر شهری، شبکۀ راه‌های اضطراری در امدادرسانی حین زلزله، به‌ویژه در مرحلۀ پاسخ به بحران، نقش مهمی ایفا می‌کنند. حفظ عملکرد این شبکه از معابر، در ساعات اولیۀ پس از زلزله، اهمیت بسزایی دارد. محافظت و مقاوم‌سازی اجزای آسیب‌پذیر شبکه، به‌خصوص پل‌ها، پیش از وقوع بحران، تأثیر شایان توجهی در کاهش خسارات و آسیب‌ها دارد. در اغلب اوقات مقاوم‌سازی تمامی اجزای آسیب‌پذیر، به‌دلیل محدودیت بودجه، عملاً ناممکن است. این محدودیت ایجاب می‌کند که با شناسایی دقیق اجزای آسیب‌پذیر، گزینه‌های مقاوم‌سازی در ابتدا اولویت‌بندی و در نهایت، مناسب‌ترین آنها انتخاب شود. طی پژوهش حاضر، ابتدا پل‌های نیازمند مقاوم‌سازی واقع در شبکۀ راه‌های اضطراری، با استفاده از یک روش‌شناسی پنج‌مرحله‌ای شناسایی می‌شود و با توجه به محدودیت‌های مالی و گزینه‌های تخصیص بودجه، گزینه‌های مقاوم‌سازی منتخب برمبنای شبکۀ لایه‌های ایجادشده در محیطGIS  (با عنوان ورودی) اولویت‌بندی می‌شود. بررسی همة حالات ممکن برای پایداری پل‌ها پس از وقوع زلزله‌ای مشخص، طراحی شبکۀ معابر اضطراری برای همۀ این حالات، بررسی گزینه‌های متفاوت مقاوم‌سازی پل‌ها، ارزیابی اثر این مقاوم‌سازی در طول شبکۀ اضطراری و در نهایت، اولویت‌بندی گزینه‌های مقاوم‌سازی، با توجه به تأثیر آنها در طول شبکۀ اضطراری، مراحل اصلی روش پیشنهادی این مطالعه را تشکیل می‌دهد. ‌‌کارآیی روش یادشده پس از به‌کارگیری آن روی بخشی از شبکۀ معابر اضطراری شهر تهران به‌منزلة شبکه‌ای واقعی با ابعاد بزرگ، ارزیابی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Retrofitting Resources Allocation Model for Bridges in the Emergency Roads Network of Tehran after an Earthquake: Optimization Model Using GIS

نویسندگان [English]

  • ali reza shooreshi 1
  • hassan zoghi 2

1 Ph.D. Student of Civil Engineering, Department of Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Prof. of Civil Engineering, Department of Engineering, karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Among the network of urban roads, the network of emergency roads plays an important role in providing relief during an earthquake, especially in the crisis response phase. It is very important to maintain the function of the urban roads network in the first few hours after earthquake. Protecting and strengthening vulnerable parts of the network before the crisis (especially bridges) plays a significant effect in reducing damages and injuries. However, retrofitting all vulnerable components is practically impossible due to budget constraints. The existence of this limitation requires identifying the vulnerable components accurately. Therefore, retrofitting options are prioritized first, and the most suitable ones are finally selected. In this research, after identifying the bridges that need to be retrofitted on the emergency roads network through a five-step methodology, we also considered the financial limitations and budget allocation options, and prioritized retrofitting options based on the network of layers created in the Geographic Information systems environment (GIS) under the title of input. Examining all possible situations for the stability of bridges after a specific earthquake, designing the emergency road network for all these situations, examining different options for retrofitting bridges, evaluating the effect of this retrofitting on the length of the emergency network, and finally, the prioritization of retrofitting options according to their impact during the emergency network, are the main steps of the proposed method in this study. The efficiency of the above method was evaluated after applying it on a part of the emergency roads network of Tehran as a real network with large scale.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emergency roads network
  • Geographic information systems
  • Vulnerability
  • Urban bridges
  • Retrofitting
  • Prioritization

 

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