ارزیابی معیارهای محیطی تأثیرگذار بر سلامت شهروندان با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (نمونۀ موردی: محلة آغۀ زمان شهر سنندج)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 پژوهشگر دکتری طراحی شهری گروه شهرسازی و معماری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

2 استادیار شهرسازی و معماری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: مشکلات موجود در زندگی شهری مانند کم‌رنگ شدن نقش محیط به‌عنوان محلی برای حضور شهروندان و فعالیت بدنی آنها، افزایش وسایل نقلیه و در نتیجه کم‌تحرکی و افزایش بیماری‌های غیرواگیر، نگرانی جامعة جهانی را دربارة سلامت عمومی در پی داشته است. هدف پژوهش، ارزیابی ذهنی و عینی معیارهای تأثیرگذار محیطی بر سلامت عمومی ساکنان در سه بعد جسمی، روانی و اجتماعی، در محلة آغه زمان شهر سنندج است.
مواد و روش‌ها: جمع‌آوری داده‌های ذهنی و عینی پژوهش از لحاظ زمانی به‌صورت متوالی صورت گرفته، در این راستا چهار فاز پژوهش تعریف شده است. فاز اول ارزیابی ذهنی کیفی ساکنان از سلامت روانی و اجتماعی، فاز دوم گردآوری داده‌های ذهنی کمّی ساکنان از سلامت جسمی، فاز سوم ارزیابی عینی کمّی محیط و فاز چهارم بررسی همبستگی بین متغیرهای پژوهش است. داده‌های ذهنی با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه و داده‌های عینی با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی به دست آمده است. برای تحلیل رابطة بین معیارهای محیطی محله و فعالیت‌های بدنی و تعیین رابطة بین متغیرها از تحلیل رگرسیون در نرم‌افزار SPSS استفاده شده است. داده‌های عینی از قبیل نوع بلوک‌بندی و نمونة الگوی فضایی شکلی محله، لایة کاربری اراضی و شبکة معابر و ... از طریق سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی محاسبه شد و در شاخص نحو فضا وارد شد تا میزان پیاده‌مداری محله مشخص شود. در نهایت روابط و تأثیر معیارهای محیطی بر سلامت عمومی با استفاده از تحلیل رگرسیون در نرم‌افزار  Lisrel مشخص شده است.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داده که دو معیار آسایش و آرامش محیط با امتیاز 23 و تعاملات اجتماعی و فرهنگ همسایگی با امتیاز 21 به‌ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر سلامت روانی و اجتماعی دارند. همچنین معیارهای محیطی مانند اختلاط کاربری با آمارة 671/5، کیفیت‌های بصری و زیبایی‌شناختی با آماره 961/7 و زیرساخت‌های ویژه پیاده و دوچرخه با آماره 475/8 به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر فعالیت‌های بدنی کاری، تفریحی و ورزشی و به‌تبع آن سلامت جسمی دارند. با توجه به داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده خیابان نمکی با امتیاز 21 بیشترین میزان اتصال و هم‌پیوندی، عمق و کنترل را با کل محله دارد و بالاترین سطح پیاده‌مداری را در سطح محله به خود اختصاص داده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج کلی نشان می‌دهد که با توجه به تأثیر و ارتباط مستقیم معیارهای محیطی طراحی شهری بر فعالیت‌های بدنی و از‌طرف‌دیگر وجود ارتباط مثبت و معنادار بین فعالیت‌های بدنی و سلامت عمومی، مشخص شد که سلامت عمومی ساکنان با معیارهای محیطی طراحی شهری ارتباط دارد، لیکن این ارتباط نه به‌طور مستقیم، بلکه با مداخلة فعالیت‌های بدنی اتفاق می‌افتد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of environmental criteria affecting citizens' health using geographic information system (case example: Agheh Zaman neighborhood of Sanandaj city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Aida Ghafoori 1
  • Mir Saeed Moosavi 2
  • Mahsa Faramarzi Asl 2
1 Urban Design Doctoral Researcher, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The challenges of urban life, such as the reduction of the environment's role as a space for citizens' presence and physical activity, the increase in vehicle usage, and the resultant inactivity and rise in non-communicable diseases, have raised global concerns about public health. This research aims to evaluate both subjectively and objectively the environmental criteria affecting the general health of residents in three dimensions: physical, psychological, and social, within the Agha Zaman neighborhood of Sanandaj city.
Material and Methods: The collection of subjective and objective research data was conducted sequentially. The research was divided into four phases. The first phase involved a subjective qualitative assessment of residents regarding their mental and social health. The second phase involved collecting quantitative subjective data about residents' physical health. The third phase was a quantitative objective assessment of the environment. The fourth phase examined the correlation between the research variables. Subjective data were obtained using a questionnaire, while objective data were gathered using a geographic information system (GIS). Regression analysis in SPSS software was used to analyze the relationship between neighborhood environmental criteria and physical activities, and to determine the relationship between variables. Objective data, such as the type of block arrangement, spatial pattern of the neighborhood, land use layer, and road network, were calculated using GIS and entered into the space syntax index to determine the neighborhood's pedestrianization. Finally, the relationships and effects of environmental criteria on public health were identified using regression analysis in Lisrel software.
Results and Discussion: The results showed that environmental comfort and tranquility, with a score of 23, and social interactions and neighborhood culture, with a score of 21, have the greatest impact on mental and social health, respectively. Additionally, environmental criteria such as a mix of uses (score: 5.671), visual and aesthetic qualities (score: 7.961), and special infrastructure for pedestrians and bicycles (score: 8.475) have the most significant impact on physical work, leisure, and sports activities. Consequently, these criteria influence physical health. According to the data, Namaki Street, with a score of 21, has the highest level of connectivity, interconnection, depth, and control within the neighborhood, leading to the highest level of pedestrian circulation.
Conclusion: The overall results indicate that due to the direct impact and relationship of urban design environmental criteria on physical activities, and the positive and meaningful relationship between physical activities and general health, it is evident that the general health of residents is related to the environmental criteria of urban design. However, this relationship is mediated by physical activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • public health
  • urban design
  • geographic information system
  • space syntax
  • Sanandaj city

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